Hydrocele
What Is a Hydrocele?
A hydrocele is a condition in which there is an abnormal amount of fluid between the two layers of the membrane surrounding the testicle (tunica vaginalis). 
In this case, during the physical examination, light transmission (transillumination) is observed when a light is shone on the scrotum in a darkened environment. This finding supports the diagnosis.
Some authors strongly recommend confirming the diagnosis with an ultrasound to ensure that any potential lesion in the testicle is not missed.
Does Hydrocele Occur in Children? Is the Treatment Different from That for Adults?
Hydrocele can also occur in childhood. It is generally expected to resolve on its own by the age of 2; if it does not resolve, surgery is necessary. In childhood, hydrocele surgery should be performed via the inguinal (groin) approach. If there is a concomitant hernia, it should also be repaired. In adults, however, the procedure is generally performed via the scrotal approach.
When Should a Hydrocele Be Treated?
In children, surgery is recommended if the condition does not resolve by age 2. In adults, although it usually does not cause symptoms, surgery is performed if the hydrocele sac is large enough to obstruct blood flow to the testis, if it causes cosmetic concerns, if it bothers the patient, or if it makes sexual intercourse difficult.
Is a Hydrocele Surgery Difficult? How Is It Performed?
Hydrocele surgery is not a difficult procedure, but after the surgery, the patient will need approximately
The patient will need to rest for about one week. The procedure can be performed under local or regional anesthesia. During the procedure, the outer layer (parietal) of the membrane known as the tunica vaginalis is removed to eliminate any potential space between the two layers. At the same time, any accumulated fluid is aspirated (removed). If the fluid appears infectious (inflamed), a fluid sample is sent to the laboratory for microbiological analysis.
What Are the Complications of a Hydrocele Surgery?
Postoperative edema (temporary swelling), hematoma (blood accumulation), wound infection, abscess, and, in rare cases, recurrent hydrocele may occur.
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