Learning Objectives for the Endourology Course

Laparoscopic Surgery:

• Must be able to perform preoperative patient evaluations.
• They should be able to describe how to prepare a patient.
• They should be able to describe entry techniques.
• Be able to describe trocar placements.
• Be able to describe instruments and equipment.
• Be able to describe the anatomical structures of the intraperitoneal and retroperitoneal organs.
• You should be able to describe the diagnosis and treatment of complications that may arise due to pneumoperitoneum (or retroperitoneum).
• They should be able to recognize injuries to blood vessels, visceral organs, and the intestines, and list the treatment methods.
• Be able to describe suture and knot techniques.
• They should be able to explain the precautions to take after abdominal surgery and how to monitor patients postoperatively.

Percutaneous Surgery:

• They should be familiar with the specifications of the instruments and equipment used.
• They should be knowledgeable about patient positioning and anesthesia characteristics.
• They should be able to describe the techniques for insertion and list the complications that may occur during insertion.
• They should be knowledgeable about intracorporeal lithotripsy methods (Ho-YAG laser and pneumatic) and their applications.
• Be able to list the indications for a nephrostomy.
• Be able to explain the use of a C-arm fluoroscopy machine and the principles of radiation protection.
• Be able to list intraoperative complications.
• They should be able to explain postoperative patient follow-up.

Retrograde Intrarenal Surgery (RIRS):

• They should be knowledgeable about patient positioning and anesthesia characteristics.
• They should be knowledgeable about endoscopes (flexible and semirigid).
• Be able to list the instruments and their types used at various stages of RIRS.
• Be able to explain ureteral access techniques.
• Be able to list intraoperative complications and describe methods for their prevention and treatment.
• Be able to identify early and late postoperative complications.
• They should be able to explain postoperative patient follow-up.

Laparoscopy Training Kits:

• They should be familiar with laparoscopic instruments
• They should be able to actively coordinate the use of both hands
• Be able to perform excisions along the correct margins using scissors
• The needle should be usable for both forehand and backhand strokes
• Must be able to apply simple surgical sutures