Hematuria
What Is Blood in Urine (Hematuria)?
The presence of blood in urine, known as hematuria, is a condition that must always be investigated to determine its cause. While it often results from benign conditions such as urinary tract infections, urinary stones, kidney cysts, or prostate enlargement, it may also be caused by more serious or malignant diseases.
Blood in urine is not always visible to the naked eye. If the amount is too small to change the color of urine, it can only be detected through chemical tests or microscopic examination of urine sediment.
If you notice such a change in your urine, you should consult a urologist as soon as possible. Remember, early diagnosis saves lives.
What Causes Hematuria?
Urinary Tract Infections / Kidney Infections (Pyelonephritis):
In some people, especially older adults, microscopic blood in the urine may be the only symptom of infection.Bladder or Kidney Stones:
Stones are often painless, so unless they cause a blockage or are passed, you may not realize you have kidney stones. Both bladder and kidney stones can cause bleeding in the urine.Enlarged Prostate:
An enlarged prostate compresses the urethra and partially blocks urine flow. This can result in blood in the urine. Prostate infection (prostatitis) can cause the same signs and symptoms.Cancer:
Visible blood in urine may be a sign of advanced kidney, bladder, or prostate cancer.Inherited Disorders:
Sickle cell anemia, a hereditary defect in hemoglobin within red blood cells, can cause both visible and microscopic hematuria.Trauma:
An injury to the kidneys or bladder from an accident or contact sports may cause visible blood in the urine.Medications:
Some medications can lead to hematuria. For this reason, when consulting a doctor about blood in the urine, you must always inform them about any medications you are taking.Excessive Exercise:
It is rare for intense exercise to cause significant hematuria, and the exact reason is unclear. It may be related to bladder trauma from repetitive aerobic exercise, dehydration, or the breakdown of red blood cells. Runners are the most commonly affected group, but anyone can develop visible hematuria after vigorous exercise. Still, if you notice blood in your urine after exercise, consult your doctor, even if you think it is exercise-related.
How Is Hematuria Diagnosed?
The following tests and examinations are used to determine the cause of blood in urine:
Physical Examination
Urine Tests
Imaging Tests: In most cases, an imaging test is required to identify the cause of hematuria. Your doctor may recommend a CT scan, MRI, or ultrasound.
Cystoscopy: Your doctor may use a small camera inserted into the bladder to examine the bladder and urethra for signs of disease.
Sometimes the cause of blood in urine cannot be identified. In such cases, your doctor may recommend regular follow-up testing, especially if you have risk factors for bladder cancer such as smoking, exposure to environmental toxins, or a history of radiation therapy.
How Is Hematuria Treated?
Treatment for hematuria depends on the underlying cause. If it is due to a urinary tract infection, antibiotics are prescribed to clear the infection. If caused by an enlarged prostate, prescribed medications may be used to reduce the prostate size. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary.
If the cause of blood in the urine cannot be identified, or if the patient has risk factors for bladder cancer, regular monitoring may be required. This can include urine tests every 3 to 6 months and blood pressure checks to ensure proper follow-up.
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